Egyptology Glossary
Ancient Egypt and Egyptology has a bewildering array of confusing names and terminology, this Egyptology Glossary will hopefully go some way to describe many of the most common words and phrases.
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Udjat meaning the eye of Horus
The unification of Egypt, the uniting of the Two Lands; the Red Land and the White Land, occurred around c3100BC under the rule of the ruler of the Southern Kingdom. This ruler is who united the two lands is called Menes, he is also identified with two other rulers, Narmer and Hor Aha. Early Egyptologists thought that Menes and Narmer were the same person, however more recent opinions equate Menes with Hor Aha. Menes is credited with conquering the North and unifying the two lands into one kingdom. He is thought of as the 1st king of Dynasty I.
This event, the unification, is probably not without some background, involving skirmishes between the North and South over a long period prior to the final unification. An earlier king who is known as Scorpion, again a southern king, is thought to have taken some initial steps in unifying the two lands. The evidence for this comes from the Scorpion Mace head, which depicts the Scorpion King wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt.
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Lotus
Symbol of Upper Egypt
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The flowering lotus was the symbol of Upper Egypt. The flower is firmly linked with the rising and the setting of the sun, and thus to the sun god and the story of creation. The lotus motif is a frequent feature of temple column architecture.