The Nile
It has been said of Egypt by Heredotus, an ancient Greek traveller, who wrote a history of Egypt, that 'Egypt is the gift of the Nile'. It is true that without the Nile and its annual flood that the civilisation that emerged from the Nile valley could never have happened without the Nile itself.
The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the White Nile has its source in Rwanda and the Blue Nile in Uganda, the two rivers meet at Khartoum and flows through Sudan and Egypt, ending in a delta on the Mediterranean Sea. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world and flows from south to north.
The Crowns Of Ancient Egypt: In Ancient Egypt there were a number of different crowns that could be worn by the Kings, the Gods and the Royal Women. The most frequently depicted were the Red Crown, the White Crown and the Double Crown.
The Greek historian and traveller, Heredotus states: “No woman holds priestly office either in the service of the goddess or god, only men are priests in both cases.”
The Book of the Dead provided instructions and rituals to help the many components of the ‘body of man’ to reach their destination in the afterlife and to ensure the continued existence and well-being of the ‘spiritual bodies’ in the afterlife.
Amelia Edwards was an Englishwoman who lived in the second half of the nineteenth century. Her book A thousand miles up the Nile, told the story of her time spent in Egypt.
Bast (Bastet), was a feline headed goddess, daughter of Re. She was originally a local deity of Bubastis, but became a national divinity during the XXII Dynasty.
The Benu Bird is linked to that of the phoenix. Both are birds of the sun, both are self created, rather than being born from other creatures, both undergo death and become symbols of regeneration.
William Matthew Flinders Petrie 1853-1942: Petrie, who is known as the Father of Egyptian Archaeology for his innovations and contributions to the field, excavated in Egypt for more than half a century.
The Hedjet or White Crown of Upper Egypt is a tall white conical headpiece and was used in later times to denote the pharaohs rulership of Upper Egypt.
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Papyrus
Symbol of Lower Egypt
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The Papyrus plant was the symbol of Upper Egypt. Lower Egypt was known as Ta-Mehu which means land of papyrus. The papyrus became the symbol of fertility and life itself. When intertwined with the plant emblem of Upper Egypt, the two symbolize the unification of the two lands.